Lazdijų rajone – 215 vėjaraupių atvejų. Kaip jų išvengti?

Lazdijų rajone 2019 m. užregistruoti 215 vėjaraupių atvejų (sergamumo rodiklis 115 atvejo/10 000 gyventojų). Analizuojant sergamumą vėjaraupiais pagal amžiaus grupę, matyti, kad daugiausiai susirgimų registruota tarp 4-6 metų vaikų, šiek tiek mažiau 0-3 metų amžiaus vaikų.
Vėjaraupiai – tai ūminė virusinė liga, pasireiškianti karščiavimu, pūsleliniu odos ir gleivinių bėrimu. Dažniausiai šia liga serga ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikai, tuomet persergama lengva šios ligos forma. Suaugę žmonės vėjaraupius ištveria kur kas sunkiau, nes komplikacijų išsivystymo rizika suaugusiems, sergantiems vėjaraupiais, yra daug kartų didesnė nei vaikams. Itin vėjaraupių infekcija pavojinga kūdikiams ir nėščioms moterims bei tiems, kurių imunitetas yra nusilpęs.
Vėjaraupiams būdingas simptomas – pūslelinis bėrimas, šios pūslelės būna pripildytos skysčio, ilgainiui jos virsta šašais. Sergant vėjaraupiais vienu metu stebimi įvairūs bėrimo elementai – rausvos dėmelės, pūslelės, šašai. Bėrimas pirmiausiai pasirodo ant rankų, krūtinės, nugaros (dažniau pridengtose kūno vietose nei atvirose), vėliau išplinta po visą kūną, gali išberti ir gleivinę (burnos, akių vokų ar lytinių organų). Bėrimas tęsiasi savaitę. Bėrimų pūslelinę stadiją lydi intensyvus niežulys.  Kiti vėjaraupių simptomai gali pasireikšti 1 – 2 dienoms prieš pasirodant bėrimams: karščiavimas, nuovargis, sumažėjęs apetitas, galvos ir raumenų skausmas. Persirgusiems vėjaraupiais susidaro patvarus, ilgalaikis imunitetas. Pakartotinai sergama retai (ne daugiau kaip 2–3 proc. atvejų). Dažniausiai vėjaraupiais sergama nesunkiai, bet retais atvejais pasitaiko ir sudėtingos komplikacijos . Specifinio gydymo nėra.
Dažniausiai pasitaiko šios komplikacijos:

  • Odos ir poodžio ar minkštųjų  audinių bakterinės infekcijos, nes besikasant išbertas vietas į odą patenka pūlines ligas sukeliančios bakterijos
  • Pneumonija
  • Smegenų uždegimas (encefalitas, meningitas ir kt.)
  • Kraujotakos sutrikimai
  • Kraujo infekcija (sepsis)
  • Dehidratacija

Žmonės su sunkiomis  komplikacijomis gydomi ligoninėje. Vėjaraupiai taip pat gali baigtis mirtimi. Vaikų mirtingumas nuo šios ligos yra mažesnis nei suaugusiųjų (JAV paskaičiuota, jog miršta 1 iš 100 000 sergančių vaikų ir 1 iš 5 000 sergančių suaugusiųjų).
Vėjaraupiai labai greitai plinta. Virusas plinta oro lašeliniu keliu nuo žmogaus žmogui, užsikrėtusiam asmeniui kosėjant, čiaudint, kalbant, taip pat  galima užsikrėsti tiesioginio kontakto keliu per odą, liečiant bėrimus ar netiesiogiai per pūslelių išskyromis suteptus daiktus. Vėjaraupiai yra labai užkrečiama liga, ypač ankstyvąją bėrimo stadiją. Sergantis vėjaraupiais žmogus gali platinti ligą prieš 1 – 2 d. iki atsirandant bėrimams ir tęstis iki tol, kol bėrimai virsta šašais (iki 5 – 7 dienų). Kai žaizdelės pasidengia šašais, jos jau nebėra pavojingos. Ligonio šeimos nariams rizika užsikrėsti vėjaraupiais siekia 80 – 90 proc.
Profilaktika
Nespecifinės priemonės: ligonio izoliavimas, aplinkos valymas (drėgnu būdu), patalpų vėdinimas, kolektyvus lankančių vaikų tėvų informavimas. Ligonis izoliuojamas 10 d. Vaikams neleidžiama lankytis ugdymo įstaigose ir kt. viešose vietose tol, kol pūslelių vietoje nesusidaro šašas. Sirgę vėjaraupiais vaikai, grįžti į kolektyvą gali tik gydytojo sprendimu.
Specifinės profilaktikos priemonės – skiepai. Rekomenduojama skiepyti visus anksčiau nesirgusius vaikus vyresnius nei 9 mėn. amžiaus, ypač vaikus lankančius darželius ir mokyklas, sergančius lėtinėmis ligomis, su nusilpusia imunine sistema; suaugusiuosius, kurie slaugo ligonius ir nėra sirgę vėjaraupiais bei kitus asmenis, turinčius didelę kontakto su šia infekcija riziką, t. y. darželio personalą, moteris, planuojančias nėštumą, medicinos personalą, asmenis su nusilpusia imunine sistema. Vėjaraupių vakcina yra mokama.
Parengta naudojantis Užkrečiamųjų ligų ir AIDS centro informacija.
Aldona Česnavičiūtė, Alytaus departamento Lazdijų skyriaus visuomenės sveikatos stiprinimo specialistė

 

Autorius: 
„Lazdijų žvaigždės“ inf.

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